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Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a negative regulator of the tyrosine kinase growth factor signaling pathway, which is involved in major physiological mechanisms such as liver regeneration. We investigate early hepatic metabolic events produced by partial hepatectomy (PHx) for PTP1B deficient (PTP1B KO) and wild type (WT) mice using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Metabolic...
Porphyromonas gingivalis, an asaccharolytic gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium, expresses the novel Asp/Glu-specific dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP) 11 (Ohara-Nemoto, Y. et al. (2011) J. Biol. Chem. 286, 38115–38127), which has been categorized as a member of the S46/DPP7 family that is preferential for hydrophobic residues at the P1 position. From that finding, 129 gene products constituting five clusters...
For efficient DNA hydrolysis, Type III restriction endonuclease EcoP15I interacts with two inversely oriented recognition sites in an ATP-dependent process. EcoP15I consists of two methylation (Mod) subunits and a single restriction (Res) subunit yielding a multifunctional enzyme complex able to methylate or to hydrolyse DNA. Comprehensive sequence alignments, limited proteolysis and mass spectroscopy...
Following the detection of histamine-releasing activity (HRA) in the supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures, research efforts were directed at characterizing the source of this activity, mostly focusing, on IgE-dependent histamine-releasing factors (HRFs). HRF is now variously called translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), p21, p23, and fortilin. TCTP exhibits cytokine-like...
Bmcc1s, a brain-enriched short isoform of the BCH-domain containing molecule Bmcc1, has recently been shown to interact with the microtubule-associated protein MAP6 and to regulate cell morphology. Here we identified kidney-type glutaminase (KGA), the mitochondrial enzyme responsible for the conversion of glutamine to glutamate in neurons, as a novel partner of Bmcc1s. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments...
Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, the major lipid of plants and algal plastids, is synthesized by MGDG synthases (MGD). MGDs belong to the large glycosyltransferase family. They catalyze the transfer of a galactose residue from the donor UDP-Gal to a 1,2-sn-diacylglycerol acceptor. MGDs are monotopic proteins localized in the plastid envelope and, as such, they are difficult to purify. This study re-examined...
Low bone formation in osteoporosis is associated with a shift from osteoblastic to adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) inducing a concomitant lipotoxic milieu within the bone marrow. Strontium ranelate (SrRN), a treatment for osteoporosis, has both anti-resorptive and anabolic effects on bone. The anabolic effect of SrRN has been associated with its effect on both osteoblastogenesis...
Melanoma is an aggressive cutaneous cancer, whose incidence is growing in recent years, especially in the younger population. The favorable therapy for this neoplasm consists in its early surgical excision; otherwise, in case of late diagnosis, melanoma becomes very refractory to any conventional therapy. Nevertheless, the acute inflammatory response occurring after excision of the primary melanoma...
Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1 (SND1), also called Tudor-SN, is required for many biological events ranging from gene expression to cell growth regulation. Promoter regulation of SND1 gene and its molecular mechanism have remained elusive to date. In this work, we have identified SND1 as a new target gene for NF-κB, Sp1 and NF-Y transcription factors. We isolated and characterized...
Salt is one of the main environmental factors limiting plant growth and a better understanding of mechanisms of salt stress would aid efforts to bolster plant salt tolerance. MicroRNAs are well known for their important regulatory roles in response to abiotic stress in plants. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was employed to identify miRNAs in Populus tomentosa plantlets treated or not with...
Acute leukemia is a disorder of the hematopoietic system characterized by the expansion of a clonal population of cells blocked from differentiating into mature cells. Recent studies have shown that chalcones and their derivatives induce apoptosis in different cell lines. Since new compounds with biological activity are needed, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of three synthetic...
High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is remarkably mobile in living cells, which reflects its ability to interact only transiently with both DNA and protein. This property is likely essential for HMGB1 nuclear activities. Nonetheless the weak interaction of HMGB1 with DNA and/or protein partners has also been a major limitation for investigating HMGB1 subnuclear localisation and for the identification...
Incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins in vivo, known as expanding the genetic code, is a useful technology in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. This procedure requires an orthogonal suppressor tRNA that is uniquely acylated with the desired unnatural amino acid by an orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. In order to enhance the numbers and types of suppressor tRNAs available...
Six 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives were prepared in order to compare their abilities to protect DNA against radical-mediated oxidation and to scavenge radicals. These derivatives had a structure based on disubstituted 1,2,4-oxadiazole, in which a vanillin group (A ring) and a substituted benzene group (B ring) were the substituents. The functional group at B ring was assigned as ortho- or meta-hydroxylbenzene...
Increased hepatic expression is held responsible for elevated serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) but the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. In the present study we tested the postulate that the metabolic hormone FGF21 is regulated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a condition that is observed in a number of diseases including...
The Transcription Factor IID is a large macromolecular complex composed of the TATA-box binding protein (TBP) and a group of 13–14 conserved TBP-associated factors (TAFs). TAFs are known to regulate transcription at various levels – mediating transcription via interaction with activators, histone modifications; recognition and binding to promoters; acting as a platform for other Transcription Factors...
The concept of a stem cell subpopulation as understood from normal epithelial tissue or bone marrow function has been extended to our understanding of cancer tissue and is now the target of treatment efforts specifically directed to this subpopulation. In glioblastoma, as well as in other cancers, increased expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) has been found localized within a minority sub-population...
S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), also known as S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione (HMGSH) dehydrogenase, belongs to the large alcohol dehydrogenase superfamily, namely to the class III ADHs. GSNOR catalyses the oxidation of HMGSH to S-formylglutathione using a catalytic zinc and NAD + as a coenzyme. The enzyme also catalyses the NADH-dependent reduction of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). In...
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an iminostilbene derivative commonly used for treatment of neuralgic pain and bipolar affective disorders. CBZ blood levels of treated patients are within the range of micromolar concentrations and therefore, significant interactions of this drug with erythrocytes are very likely. Moreover, the lipid domains of the cell membrane are believed to be one of the sites where iminostilbene...
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